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Previously on �ROME: THE RISE AND DECAY OF AN EMPIRE�
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After a decade of barbaric terror,
the brilliant general of the empire, Marius
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grab the reins of power
transforming the voluntary militia of Rome
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in the greatest fighting force on
that the world has ever known.
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Now:
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in the center of the Republic,
a deadly riot is about to break out.
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The bloody death of a gladiator slave
it is the ultimate spectator sport.
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In the first century BC, it is no longer a game,
and the slaves start the revolt against their masters.
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Their leader is mentioned by chroniclers as Spartacus.
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ROME
THE RISE AND FALL OF AN EMPIRE
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SPARTACUS
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The powerful army and the conquest philosophy of Rome have
enriched the Republic in territory, treasure and slaves.
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Captured on the battlefield or in conquered cities,
Slaves become a convenient accessory.
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Slaves were people, and the Romanians knew it,
But they pretended that slaves were not human,
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that they were instruments with limbs and arms and voices.
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between the third and
first century AD,
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The Romanian Republic extends from the center and the south
of Italy to encompass almost the entire Mediterranean.
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And so the slave markets fill up, too
willing buyers choose the goods.
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If 30% of the population of the Italian peninsula
was enslaved in the first century, B.C.
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this would be equivalent to the number of slaves per capita
which exists in the American South.
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About 35% of the population was enslaved in the 1850s.
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Slaves could have been born into slavery, they
they could be sold as slaves from foreign countries,
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slaves could be captured in war.
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So there was a great variety, too
in the way people ended up being slaves
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and also in the way people lived as slaves.
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The Romanian landowner from the first
century, Columella, offers buying advice:
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�My first warning is not to appoint a boss on a farm
of the kind of slaves who will satisfy you with their bodies.
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Rather, you have to choose
a man who, from childhood,
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he strengthened himself with the work of the field and
it has proven so over time. "
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Not all slaves are
intended for agricultural works.
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The strongest are reserved for sports,
to train for the arena like gladiators".
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Most of these gladiators were professionals.
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They had professional trainers called
�Lanists� who were preparing them,
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just as a football coach will train his fighters,
his team, to get the best results.
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They were rented for the people who
they were going to participate in a show
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or were sold to the person
who organized the show.
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They tend to be considered in this way as the lowest in society
people whose bodies are at the disposal of others.
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Gladiators could be the best
professional fighters in the most expensive entertainment of the time,
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or they could sometimes be convicted criminals, forced to fight.
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As in today's boxing championships, they trained
very much in a very dangerous sport,
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and then they only fought a few times a year,
because they were, of course, very expensive.
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Most gladiator names
will be lost in history
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but posterity will record it
the deeds of two of these men,
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one called Crixus, and the other Spartacus,
a man born to lead.
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Spartacus was a foreigner. He was not Romanian.
But he served in the Romanian army.
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Then something happened.
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We don't know if he left the army - that's what some say -
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or if he was kicked out.
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Some stories say that it then became
a very successful highwayman.
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In the end, he was captured and forced
by the Romanian authorities to become a gladiator.
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We can't say whether he meant it or not,
but he most likely hated this.
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The second-century biographer Plutarch:
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�Spartacus not only had strength
of character and physical strength,
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but he was smarter and more noble
than what fate has in store for him. "
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Whatever twist of fate brought Spartacus to
slavery, it is clear that he will not accept it regardless,
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and Crixus will share his destiny ".
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Few gladiators live to old age.
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Most have a horrible, violent death,
either in a small regional arena or in a large coliseum.
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Sometimes the crowd is asked to choose
weapons, relishing the violence that follows.
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People were prepared to assist other human beings
engaged in mortal combat before their eyes,
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and this was extremely interesting for them.
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Until the late era of the Republic, the people
they already become heroes because they become gladiators,
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and have some social status,
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at least a certain degree of popularity among the masses,
because of their fighting skills.
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By drawing lots, the gladiators find out
which of them will be the first to die.
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To make the fight more exciting, gladiators usually
they have different weapons and fighting styles.
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Regardless of the fighting style, the armor
their inadequate protection cannot protect their lives.
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They trained for whole months, years, to
could use the weapons, having to get so close
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That they could see the spit
the mouth of his adversary or, they hoped, the fear in his eyes.
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And the smell of blood was overwhelming.
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This was a thrill for the crowd.
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It was a sign for the gladiators
that their lives were at stake.
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It's like a terrible dance of
dead for the crowd's pleasure.
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Yes!
Yes!
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But in 73 AD, at the Ludus or School of Gladiators, a group of
students got tired of taking orders from the Romanian Guards.
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They decide that if they still have to die,
this will not happen in the arena.
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Abused and angry, they conspire to risk their lives
and the preparation to change one's fate.
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According to the second-century historian Appian,
Spartacus, together with his fellow gladiator Crixus, sets up the plan.
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He convinced about 70 of the
men in slavery to risk for freedom,
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rather than letting it go
exposed for the entertainment of others.
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Spartacus had become a great gladiator.
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A flame burned in him that hated the loss of his freedom,
a flame that wanted justice.
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And so, Spartacus organized his colleagues
gladiator slaves to escape and seek their freedom.
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The local guards, unaccustomed to fighting,
they avoid the rebels they hunt.
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They saw them in the arena.
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They know the kind of men they are dealing with.
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The second-century biographer Plutarch:
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�The gladiators rejected the
those who came out of the city of Capua
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and they confiscated many weapons from them
which were more suitable for war.
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They made the exchange happy,
throwing away his gladiator weapons,
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which they saw as being
dishonorable and barbaric ".
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As a leader, Spartacus leads his men from
slavery in the war, leaving the Roman corpses behind them.
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After defeating the local militia, Spartacus leads
the slave army from the city of Capua to Mount Vesuvius,
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where they seek refuge and do
the camp at the top of the steep ridge.
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Spartacus, along with his co-conspirator Crixus,
escaped the Romanian authorities.
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Now they have to prepare their people
for the inevitable battles that will follow.
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Spartacus had a personal charisma and power
that made people follow him,
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even in this dangerous escape
from the gladiator school prison.
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Mount Vesuvius was an active volcano.
It was a dangerous place to hide.
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But Spartacus knew that he too
his escaped gladiators could find
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a position on Mount Vesuvius for
to organize and make plans.
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But a messenger comes to warn Spartacus that
the Romanians set up a camp below to surround them.
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The Senate sent Commander Claudius Glaber
to surround the rebels and stop the rebellion.
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He managed to push Spartacus and his band of budding rebels
Up on the mountain, in what seemed a narrow place,
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and therefore Claudius Glaber assumed it would not
he had no problem crushing Mount Vesuvius.
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Plutarch describes the plan:
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�Claudius ordered his soldiers to guard the only road
of narrow and difficult access leading up the mountain.
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All other parts of the mountain were made up of
steep slopes and it was impossible to drive on them. "
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Spartacus' only way down
and of escaped slaves is now blocked.
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The siege has begun.
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In 73 AD, Spartacus and his companion
Crixus refuses to die in the gladiator arena.
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Together they lead a slave rebellion,
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but now the fugitives are trapped on Mount Vesuvius
from southern Italy by Claudius, a Roman officer.
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Up on the mountain, Spartacus and the people
and they plan their ingenious escape,
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as described in
second century by Plutarch.
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�Slaves cut the useful parts of
vines and they wove ladders from them.
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They were strong and long enough, like that
So, when they were fixed on the top of the peaks of the rocks,
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they reached the level of the field
from the foot of the mountains.
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One of the things that are very
interesting about the early phase of Spartacus' revolt
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it's the way he seems to know
the field much better than anyone else.
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in part,
this may be because pastors
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and other people who know the surrounding area
Mount Vesuvius joins them, they are empathetic.
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The slaves who joined Spartacus
and to his group from the rural environment
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they were probably, in the beginning, mostly pastors
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who were slaves living independently,
who already had weapons and were in exceptional physical condition
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who then became soldiers for
this army led by gladiators.
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Spartacus and his growing legion
are able to get off the cliff,
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landing just beyond
of Claudius' camp.
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Below, the Romanians underestimate
the slave solution.
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You have to realize that people
which follow their resemblance more
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with "keystone policemen" (characters
comics) than with Caesar's legions.
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These are guys who don't
part of the regular military unit.
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They are led by
officers who are not very good officers
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who probably have very little knowledge about the rural environment,
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because it is the area where the slaves are sent.
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The Romanians far outnumber the renegades,
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but the daring plot of the slaves is a testament to ingenuity,
their despair and hatred towards their Romanian oppressors.
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And to the supreme shame
of the Romanian army,
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these thousands of Romanian soldiers and the commander
they are attacked by this small band of gladiators
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who hit them from behind, climbing on
the rock on their ropes woven from the vine.
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With this success, the movement
grows, according to the historian Appian.
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�Many runaway slaves and even some
free people from the surrounding countryside
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They came to this place for
to join Spartacus.
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They started organizing raids
of bandits in the nearby settlements.
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Since Spartacus divided
the profits of the raid or in equal parts,
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soon attracted a number
very large number of followers ".
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The only group that Spartacus did not accept
deserters from the Romanian army were in his rebel band,
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which may seem strange, and yet it is very logical.
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These people were
precisely the cowards.
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Florus, the second-century author:
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�The daily arrival of new recruits formed a real army.
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They made irregularly shaped shields from branches
covered with animal skins
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and swords and spears, melting the shackles from the slave barracks.
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What Spartacus and the people cannot do
he recovers from the corpses.
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The amazing thing about Spartacus' revolt
it is like slaves who are trained as gladiators
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they arm themselves very quickly like soldiers,
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which does not mean fighting
In the same way as the Romanian army does
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but Spartacus himself,
some sources say he was a soldier.
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Throughout the year 73 AD, the rebels continued to the south,
winning in numbers and defeating the Romanian soldiers.
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The Senate asks another magistrate, the Commander
Publius Varinius, to stop them.
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A nimble rider, Varinius brings the best stallion with him,
as well as the traditional Romanian symbol of power called �Fasces�,
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a pack of wooden sticks surrounding an axe.
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This symbolized the power of the magistrates
to use force to make order
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sticks to beat civilians or soldiers,
the ax for capital punishment.
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The ax was placed between the sticks only when
the commander was outside Rome,
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because, in a military campaign, the commander has
power given by martial law over his troops.
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But the symbols didn't really seem to help Varinius
against an army of slaves.
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Spartacus' troops bled them
own troops, killing their co-commander.
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Varinius prepares his men
stay for the next battle.
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Spartacus, familiar with the Romanian strategy, remains
one step ahead, according to the historian Sallust.
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"To avoid a surprise attack
while they attacked the villages,
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rebels fixed corpses
fresh at the gates of their camp,
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That's how the Romanians do it
he thought there were guards there."
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Once the scenery is set, the renegades are free to attack
the Romanians at will, taking them completely by surprise.
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Spartacus' strength is
downright scary.
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The corps of "officers", let's call them that, are superb
trained gladiators with very tough experience in combat.
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So they want revenge.
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This army wants freedom, but they also want to
show the Romanian masters that they are men, not just tools.
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Through his ingenuity, Spartacus marks another victory over
the arrogant Varinius and takes prisoners from the Roman army.
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Historian from the 2nd century
Appian records the humiliation of Rome.
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�The Romanians still did not consider this a real war,
but rather raids and robberies by bandits,
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But these bandits defeated the Romanians.
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Spartacus actually captured his own
horse of Varinius, just below him.
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This Romanian commander was just around the corner
to be taken prisoner by a gladiator."
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Victory is all the sweeter when Spartacus
stole the "bands", the supreme symbol of Roman power.
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When Spartacus surprises Varinius in battle and succeeds
surprise not only his horse from under him, but also his fascias,
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this is an extraordinary shot
for the credibility of Varinius,
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but also for the power of the state
symbolized in those fascias.
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Spartacus becomes a famous character and
feared and now commands 70,000 rebels.
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But the tension is building among the popular
slave general of the army and his friend, Crixus.
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So Spartacus shows the Romans,
"I'm as good as you."
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I, Spartacus, fought in the Roman army.
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I have the same understanding of freedom.
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I have the same understanding of the value of life and a
dead for every man, slave or free man. "
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But Crixus becomes obsessed
of his desire for revenge.
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He shows no mercy to the Romanian soldiers,
writes the 5th century historian Orosius.
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"They organized gladiator fights,
using the prisoners they took.
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Those who were once
the show now were spectators."
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Slaves became more
violent with their success.
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Crixus encouraged them, while
Spartacus pleaded for order.
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Their unity begins to fall apart.
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00:19:56,505 --> 00:20:01,637
Then Crixus makes his move, unleashing his fury
slaves against defenseless Romanian civilians.
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00:20:03,214 --> 00:20:04,840
The historian Sallust describes what happens:
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00:20:07,635 --> 00:20:13,077
The fugitive slaves immediately began to rape young girls and
married women, killing those who tried to oppose.
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Spartacus himself had no power to stop them,
even if he repeatedly asked them to stop ".
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Until now, the slaves were united against Rome.
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Now they are starting to turn against each other.
208
00:20:50,328 --> 00:20:52,143
This is the moment the Romanians have been waiting for.
209
00:20:55,846 --> 00:20:57,271
Southern Italy, 72 �.C.,
210
00:20:57,471 --> 00:21:04,712
The slave Spartacus and his army of rebels managed to win
and to humiliate the Romanian troops sent to stop them.
211
00:21:05,493 --> 00:21:11,607
But now, when his companion Crixus is exercising
own authority, the conflict comes from within.
212
00:21:15,455 --> 00:21:20,221
In the improvised slave camp, Spartacus
and makes plans to cross the Alps,
213
00:21:20,421 --> 00:21:24,435
but Crixus has ideas of his own,
writes the historian Sallust.
214
00:21:25,619 --> 00:21:30,985
"Crixus and his men wanted to march directly against the enemy,
to force an armed confrontation.
215
00:21:32,079 --> 00:21:35,523
Spartacus, on the other hand
part, had a different solution."
216
00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:41,719
Crixus openly challenged the ability
his friend to drive.
217
00:21:44,283 --> 00:21:48,745
One of the interesting things about the riot
of Spartacus is that he doesn't seem to have had a plan.
218
00:21:49,125 --> 00:21:56,188
In the area he is in, he now has tens of thousands of supporters
and must move from one area to another in Italy
219
00:21:56,388 --> 00:21:58,069
to make sure everyone has something to eat.
220
00:22:00,443 --> 00:22:05,289
Impatient, Crixus abandons the slave camp,
taking with him a faction of rebel soldiers.
221
00:22:06,003 --> 00:22:08,918
Spartacus is now left
to lead his people alone.
222
00:22:13,226 --> 00:22:15,697
The two men walk
different horses in Italy.
223
00:22:18,328 --> 00:22:21,659
With the slave army now divided,
Rome is preparing to hit hard.
224
00:22:22,315 --> 00:22:28,416
Consuls Lucius Gellius Publicola and Gnaeus Cornelius
Lentulus meet to plan their strategy.
225
00:22:29,989 --> 00:22:35,569
The Romanians simultaneously thought about
slaves as contemptible subhumans,
226
00:22:35,769 --> 00:22:42,978
but they also recognized that these slaves had a
extraordinary success in the fight against them.
227
00:22:42,988 --> 00:22:45,633
So, in many ways, this was their worst nightmare
228
00:22:45,807 --> 00:22:51,205
that these slaves to - i
Win again and again on the battlefield.
229
00:22:53,958 --> 00:22:59,663
This unusual rebellion now shows more
like a real war, and requires a serious battle plan.
230
00:23:06,957 --> 00:23:11,160
Each village that Spartacus enters would
could hold a trap or an ambush
231
00:23:11,360 --> 00:23:14,030
or sometimes, appropriate
to Sallust, a friend.
232
00:23:16,328 --> 00:23:17,199
Spartacus.
233
00:23:19,987 --> 00:23:23,243
Many slaves from the cities
they were, by nature, empathetic allies
234
00:23:23,443 --> 00:23:26,376
and offered things
which their masters hid
235
00:23:26,573 --> 00:23:30,356
or dragged their masters out of their hiding places.
236
00:23:31,809 --> 00:23:37,255
These nobles are given as prizes to the army
to humiliate even more the aristocracy of the Republic.
237
00:23:38,278 --> 00:23:44,314
From his fellow slaves, Spartacus also collects
food, weapons, and more soldiers for his cause,
238
00:23:44,514 --> 00:23:46,731
but Rome's efforts are also increasing.
239
00:23:52,898 --> 00:23:56,360
In the Garganus Mountains on the east coast
of Italy, Crixus and his faction
240
00:23:56,560 --> 00:23:59,219
they are hunted by the troops
the Roman commander Gellius.
241
00:24:00,581 --> 00:24:01,941
The writer Plutarch writes about it:
242
00:24:02,915 --> 00:24:06,110
"Gellius launched an attack
the surprise over Crixus's forces,
243
00:24:06,310 --> 00:24:09,970
who, because of their arrogance,
had parted with Spartacus ".
244
00:24:12,971 --> 00:24:14,153
Appian History:
245
00:24:14,732 --> 00:24:17,244
�Crixus was in command of 30,000 men.
246
00:24:17,950 --> 00:24:21,262
Two thirds perished,
including Crixus himself ".
247
00:24:27,999 --> 00:24:31,421
The Romanian Army registers the first
his major victory against the rebels.
248
00:24:32,004 --> 00:24:34,580
But the master is still at large.
249
00:24:35,645 --> 00:24:39,785
The Romanians do not linger on the field of death
he heads towards Spartacus to crush him..
250
00:24:42,516 --> 00:24:46,462
Orchestrating a "tweezer" movement,
the Roman commanders Gellius and Lentulus
251
00:24:46,662 --> 00:24:50,493
waiting for the prey on one side and the other a
mountain passes.
252
00:24:53,358 --> 00:24:58,038
But their simple strategy does not prepare them
for an army of desperate slaves.
253
00:25:00,293 --> 00:25:02,909
One of the most important things
related to Spartacus' revolt
254
00:25:03,109 --> 00:25:06,533
it was like it broke out at a moment when the
there were no better Roman armies in Italy.
255
00:25:07,234 --> 00:25:09,026
They were in Spain or they were away in Turkey.
256
00:25:09,623 --> 00:25:13,156
The troops that were sent against
of Spartacus had recently been constituted.
257
00:25:19,378 --> 00:25:20,742
Appian History:
258
00:25:21,261 --> 00:25:25,917
Spartacus fought against everything and defeated
each the Romanian army.
259
00:25:26,797 --> 00:25:31,096
The Romanians had to flee from the field
of the fight in great confusion and chaos. "
260
00:25:39,072 --> 00:25:42,525
The Romanian officers faced a challenge
truly formidable military,
261
00:25:42,725 --> 00:25:48,261
and the Corps of Romanian Officers, not being professionally trained,
they were simply not up to par.
262
00:25:51,093 --> 00:25:53,787
Once again, Spartacus claimed
victory over the Roman army.
263
00:25:59,169 --> 00:26:00,738
But this time,
victory is not enough.
264
00:26:01,542 --> 00:26:04,584
Spartacus demands revenge from
blood for the death of Crixus.
265
00:26:05,560 --> 00:26:09,106
He sacrifices 300 Romanian prisoners.
266
00:26:10,374 --> 00:26:14,292
It starts to turn into
this anti-government figure
267
00:26:14,492 --> 00:26:18,706
celebrating the defeat of the Romanian magistrates,
executing Romanian prisoners
268
00:26:18,787 --> 00:26:21,752
destroying the properties of the rich in the countryside,
269
00:26:22,152 --> 00:26:26,995
truly offering an alternative
the current regime and from here it draws its power.
270
00:26:29,051 --> 00:26:32,898
With this victory, Spartacus' army has
the chance to run away from Italy and be free.
271
00:26:33,667 --> 00:26:37,672
But, instead, men choose to stay in
the empire they despise so much.
272
00:26:39,344 --> 00:26:44,839
It is not entirely clear why his strength
Spartacus have returned from northern Italy.
273
00:26:45,400 --> 00:26:49,553
they enjoyed success
to the point where they were intoxicated by him
274
00:26:49,838 --> 00:26:51,322
and they wanted to continue
275
00:26:51,528 --> 00:26:58,312
and, rather than leaving, to return
back home to life before slavery,
276
00:26:58,512 --> 00:27:00,542
they wanted to keep fighting.
277
00:27:01,999 --> 00:27:07,117
His forces are heading south towards the city
Thuri, where they establish a base of operations.
278
00:27:12,082 --> 00:27:15,793
In the third year of the slave rebellion,
Rome considered itself powerless.
279
00:27:17,528 --> 00:27:19,945
The Senate requests
Marcus Licinius Crassus,
280
00:27:20,145 --> 00:27:24,558
an elderly noble who loves glory
almost as much as he loves money.
281
00:27:30,427 --> 00:27:37,657
He wanted to be at the top of Romanian society,
and this requires winning military victories
282
00:27:38,006 --> 00:27:41,545
and so he was eager
to defeat Spartacus,
283
00:27:41,745 --> 00:27:47,775
which he thought easy to do because the slaves,
after all, they couldn't really be dangerous.
284
00:27:51,247 --> 00:27:55,627
But Crassus, learning from failure
others, no - and will underestimate the enemy.
285
00:27:56,172 --> 00:28:00,115
Being a commander who very disciplined,
he takes his mission seriously,
286
00:28:00,315 --> 00:28:02,670
for his glory and for the good of Rome.
287
00:28:06,642 --> 00:28:11,959
Spartacus' growing army of rebel slaves
became well organized and apparently unbeatable.
288
00:28:13,584 --> 00:28:20,105
Now, Marcus Licinius Crassus dedicated himself too
his considerable army to their destruction.
289
00:28:23,036 --> 00:28:28,241
But Crassus finds the Roman forces undisciplined,
he leaves and is ready to withdraw into the fight.
290
00:28:31,668 --> 00:28:33,722
Crassus will not stand for this.
291
00:28:34,314 --> 00:28:38,539
After suffering a humiliating defeat
Against the rebels, he takes drastic measures.
292
00:28:40,151 --> 00:28:45,153
He will teach his troops the meaning
obedience through the penalty of decimation.
293
00:28:50,085 --> 00:28:55,485
Decimation was a terrifying punishment, because men
they were taken arbitrarily - every tenth person.
294
00:28:55,957 --> 00:28:57,081
Maybe you didn't run away.
295
00:28:57,281 --> 00:29:00,104
Maybe the rest of the unit a
ran away and you stayed to fight,
296
00:29:00,304 --> 00:29:03,465
but if there were no witnesses, you could be
kicked out as the tenth man.
297
00:29:03,887 --> 00:29:05,575
So you stood in absolute terror standing in line
298
00:29:05,775 --> 00:29:10,049
not knowing if you will be the one who will
be cast out, and your death will be horrible,
299
00:29:10,499 --> 00:29:14,407
because your friends will have to
beat to death with clubs and canes.
300
00:29:14,745 --> 00:29:16,952
It will not be a quick or honorable death.
301
00:29:17,187 --> 00:29:20,297
You will not be stabbed or given permission to kill yourself.
302
00:29:20,765 --> 00:29:24,909
You will be dishonored, and it is needed
long time to be beaten to death.
303
00:29:27,437 --> 00:29:32,959
By decimation, Crassus makes his troops fear
they fear him more than Spartacus, their enemy.
304
00:29:35,052 --> 00:29:40,161
It was meant to embarrass men
who was beating, as well as the man who was being killed,
305
00:29:40,361 --> 00:29:43,262
even if it can
he would not have been personally responsible.
306
00:29:45,657 --> 00:29:50,807
In the name of discipline, around 4,000 men
And they meet agonizing death in this way.
307
00:29:52,192 --> 00:29:54,020
But brutality proves its usefulness.
308
00:29:54,309 --> 00:29:57,972
Crassus scores a victory in the next
to fight against the rebel army.
309
00:30:14,142 --> 00:30:17,671
Unlike Spartacus' previous opponents,
Crassus was a truly experienced soldier.
310
00:30:18,385 --> 00:30:21,756
He knew how to train an army.
He knew how to lead his army.
311
00:30:21,956 --> 00:30:23,898
He had the necessary experience.
312
00:30:24,532 --> 00:30:28,898
and now for the first time, Spartacus
he is facing a real Romanian general
313
00:30:29,681 --> 00:30:32,754
not with a politician who
leads a group of inexperienced men.
314
00:30:37,790 --> 00:30:43,933
The forces engaged - an extremely trained Romanian army and
capable against a band of desperate violent rebels.
315
00:30:44,680 --> 00:30:48,988
With Crassus in the fray, the balance began
to go against Spartacus.
316
00:30:59,188 --> 00:31:02,549
Pursued by the army of Crassus,
renegade slaves run south
317
00:31:02,749 --> 00:31:06,053
but Spartacus has already planned his next move.
318
00:31:11,152 --> 00:31:12,924
Pirates control
the waters around Italy.
319
00:31:13,897 --> 00:31:17,753
Like Spartacus, they live in defiance
Romanian laws... or any law.
320
00:31:18,527 --> 00:31:21,577
They only answer to gold
and they traffic in slaves.
321
00:31:22,458 --> 00:31:24,935
Spartacus sends
messengers to negotiate with them.
322
00:31:28,150 --> 00:31:32,625
Spartacus tried everything to - and
get people out of Italy safely.
323
00:31:33,311 --> 00:31:37,666
Finally, in desperation, he did
Agreement with the devil, with Cilician pirates.
324
00:31:38,405 --> 00:31:40,847
Cilicia is a part of
what is Turkey today.
325
00:31:41,514 --> 00:31:44,597
and these pirates were famous for attacking ships
326
00:31:44,797 --> 00:31:48,265
but they were also famous as the biggest owners
of slaves from the Mediterranean.
327
00:31:49,395 --> 00:31:53,093
Cilician pirates made a lot of money
by capturing and selling slaves.
328
00:31:57,387 --> 00:31:58,694
So Spartacus had to know
329
00:31:58,894 --> 00:32:03,633
like when he made an agreement with the Cilician pirates
to bring their ships to Italy and evacuate their people,
330
00:32:03,833 --> 00:32:08,840
there is a real danger that Cilician pirates will sell them
simply people as slaves.
331
00:32:19,228 --> 00:32:24,768
He probably had in mind to go to Sicily
and occupy the island,
332
00:32:25,024 --> 00:32:29,195
almost taking it over as a new territory,
a new state
333
00:32:29,395 --> 00:32:35,082
where these rebels could have been
face Rome on their terms.
334
00:32:38,530 --> 00:32:40,433
The slaves and the pirates agree and conclude
an understanding.
335
00:32:41,833 --> 00:32:45,880
The Cilicians agree to transport
2,000 of the slaves to Messina, in Sicily.
336
00:32:47,744 --> 00:32:51,929
Spartacus hoped to expand his rebellion
While circling Crassus's troops.
337
00:32:55,801 --> 00:32:59,504
They don't have a moment to waste,
for the legions of Crassus draw near,
338
00:32:59,704 --> 00:33:03,565
ready to catch and slaughter
slaves like wild beasts.
339
00:33:10,286 --> 00:33:15,496
Spartacus and his horde arrived before the Romans
I reach the top of the peninsula and find no ships.
340
00:33:16,297 --> 00:33:19,553
The pirates betrayed them,
and the Romanians are approaching.
341
00:33:23,059 --> 00:33:26,268
Now Spartacus must try
to fight to get out of Italy,
342
00:33:26,455 --> 00:33:31,475
against an army that
was disciplined by Crassus
343
00:33:32,269 --> 00:33:38,103
and who will finally be able to display the tactic
and the discipline that made a Romanian army so formidable.
344
00:33:46,678 --> 00:33:48,078
Crassus plays smart.
345
00:33:48,611 --> 00:33:50,865
He knows power
the forces of Spartacus.
346
00:33:51,488 --> 00:33:53,153
He also knows that
time is on his side.
347
00:33:54,290 --> 00:33:57,688
He will starve the rebels, surrounding them, writes Plutarch.
348
00:33:59,348 --> 00:34:05,064
�This great and difficult work
he perfected it in an extremely short period of time
349
00:34:05,751 --> 00:34:07,914
making a ditch from one sea to another.
350
00:34:08,114 --> 00:34:12,335
Above the edge of the earth and over it,
built a very high and strong wall ".
351
00:34:18,071 --> 00:34:20,930
Crassus was a Roman general
very modern, which, among other things,
352
00:34:21,130 --> 00:34:25,123
he knew how to use the field fortifications
and this is what we see him doing with Spartacus.
353
00:34:29,903 --> 00:34:34,375
The project, 35 miles long,
up to 15 meters high, it is huge.
354
00:34:35,117 --> 00:34:37,026
The second-century biographer Plutarch.
355
00:34:38,151 --> 00:34:42,286
"When the supplies started to run out
finished and Spartacus wanted to leave the peninsula
356
00:34:42,486 --> 00:34:45,136
he realized the impediment formed by the wall."
357
00:34:48,313 --> 00:34:50,313
Spartacus is forced to move inland.
358
00:34:50,885 --> 00:34:54,989
and yet, every attempt to move towards
north is rejected by the wall.
359
00:34:55,171 --> 00:34:58,236
After 3 years of attacks,
the rebel forces were closed as in a cage.
360
00:35:02,606 --> 00:35:06,555
But the Senate, which ordered
to Crassus to quickly put an end to the rebellion,
361
00:35:06,755 --> 00:35:10,177
he got tired of waiting
results, according to the historian Appian.
362
00:35:11,923 --> 00:35:14,429
"When the Romanians found out about
the siege tactics of Crassus,
363
00:35:14,586 --> 00:35:18,976
they considered it not worth it
the fight against the gladiators should be prolonged.
364
00:35:21,621 --> 00:35:25,919
A messenger arrives at Crassus's camp,
carrying news from Rome that will enrage him.
365
00:35:26,119 --> 00:35:30,946
The Senate lost faith in him and i
entrusted with the task of his biggest rival.
366
00:35:34,408 --> 00:35:38,170
The talented general Pompey the Great
returns from Spain a hero,
367
00:35:38,370 --> 00:35:41,148
after he crushed there
a bloody uprising.
368
00:35:41,670 --> 00:35:45,110
He was ordered to put an end to the slave rebellion once and for all.
369
00:35:47,806 --> 00:35:51,372
Pompey was probably one of the most
good generals that Rome ever had
370
00:35:52,015 --> 00:35:57,420
and Pompey was, like Crassus, extremely ambitious and
he had a greater military reputation than Crassus.
371
00:36:00,334 --> 00:36:02,819
He has an enormous passion for theatrical gestures.
372
00:36:03,320 --> 00:36:06,623
He has a way of designing
the image around the Roman world.
373
00:36:07,572 --> 00:36:10,806
He has the flair of a politician to be honest,
other politicians of their time do not have it.
374
00:36:12,624 --> 00:36:16,346
Now he is off to defeat Spartacus
and steal Crassus's glory,
375
00:36:16,546 --> 00:36:19,401
that is, if not for Crassus
manages to take it before him.
376
00:36:20,119 --> 00:36:22,229
There are two dogs after the same fox.
377
00:36:25,827 --> 00:36:26,498
71 BC
378
00:36:27,142 --> 00:36:31,656
Abandoned by the pirates of southern Italy,
the survivors of the Spartacus slave revolt
379
00:36:31,856 --> 00:36:34,848
they are stuck in front of the troops
general Crassus.
380
00:36:36,024 --> 00:36:43,127
And here comes the great general Pompey, a new threat
to the honor of Crassus and to the life of Spartacus.
381
00:36:46,529 --> 00:36:51,453
Spartacus is on the road again, after defeating
the siege which Crassus had so carefully constructed.
382
00:36:52,275 --> 00:36:54,398
Appian describes his escape.
383
00:36:55,424 --> 00:37:02,173
�He organized small-scale surprise attacks on his besiegers
In well-chosen points, hitting them suddenly and violently.
384
00:37:02,382 --> 00:37:06,177
He crucified the Roman prisoner as a
visual demonstration in front of his own people
385
00:37:06,377 --> 00:37:09,125
for them to see what would happen to them if he didn't win."
386
00:37:10,220 --> 00:37:16,478
As the rebels swept through the villages,
Spartacus and his army find that the danger has doubled,
387
00:37:16,678 --> 00:37:20,265
hearing the news that Pompey is also on their trail.
388
00:37:24,063 --> 00:37:28,740
Pompei has already created a reputation as a guy who does "cleaning".
389
00:37:29,317 --> 00:37:35,683
He would present himself at the end of a fearfully difficult struggle
390
00:37:35,883 --> 00:37:39,198
and leave with the glory of having finished it.
391
00:37:40,953 --> 00:37:46,581
As Pompey approaches, Crassus grows older
frantic to crush the rebellion before he arrives.
392
00:37:47,581 --> 00:37:53,317
Spartacus, surrounded, waiting to be attacked, sends
a messenger to Crassus offering a truce.
393
00:37:56,486 --> 00:38:00,469
Spartacus remains confident,
waiting for news from Crassus.
394
00:38:01,171 --> 00:38:05,490
It is certain that the Romanians are ready to listen,
although the rebels keep their swords sharp.
395
00:38:07,242 --> 00:38:12,774
Spartacus tries to negotiate with the leaders
Romanians, because Spartacus sees himself as a free man.
396
00:38:13,135 --> 00:38:18,575
This is how Spartacus began his life and led it
the army as a Romanian army,
397
00:38:18,816 --> 00:38:22,610
as if they had the same
honor like his opponents, the Romanians.
398
00:38:24,402 --> 00:38:28,907
But when his messenger returns, it is clear
that the Romanians do not see Spartacus in this way.
399
00:38:29,685 --> 00:38:31,325
He is a slave and an enemy.
400
00:38:31,525 --> 00:38:36,143
With the failed negotiations, the day of
that Spartacus feared is here.
401
00:38:37,246 --> 00:38:42,023
Even if he beats Crassus n
fight, Pompey will follow him.
402
00:38:42,789 --> 00:38:45,711
Spartacus cannot retreat.
It cannot be taught.
403
00:38:47,161 --> 00:38:49,055
The second-century biographer Plutarch:
404
00:38:49,878 --> 00:38:55,701
�Spartacus admitted that his hand was forced and arranged himself
The whole army in battle formation.
405
00:38:56,145 --> 00:39:00,133
When the horse, Spartacus, was brought to him
and - he took out his sword and killed the animal.
406
00:39:02,241 --> 00:39:07,043
He proclaimed that if he won
the battle, he would not need a horse.
407
00:39:07,243 --> 00:39:09,203
He would have thousands of horses at his disposal.
408
00:39:09,750 --> 00:39:12,110
If he were to lose the battle, of course
also, he would not need a horse.
409
00:39:12,777 --> 00:39:18,299
Then he dismounted and joined
the infantry soldiers in his troop
410
00:39:18,499 --> 00:39:21,711
and started to fight until the end.
411
00:39:24,259 --> 00:39:28,253
Crassus and his army meet Spartacus n
near Brundisium (Brindisi) on the foot of Italy.
412
00:39:45,009 --> 00:39:46,273
And so the battle begins.
413
00:39:46,884 --> 00:39:52,040
Three years of revolt led to
this decisive match between Crassus and Spartacus,
414
00:39:52,240 --> 00:39:55,219
the biggest confrontation between two powerful armies.
415
00:40:07,309 --> 00:40:11,561
A source reports that he was so seriously wounded in the leg
416
00:40:11,761 --> 00:40:15,914
that he had to go down on his knees,
but he refused to give up fighting.
417
00:40:26,062 --> 00:40:28,297
According to the historian Appian:
418
00:40:28,769 --> 00:40:32,151
�There were so many dead,
that it was not possible to count them.
419
00:40:33,215 --> 00:40:35,255
The body of Spartacus
was never found �.
420
00:40:37,552 --> 00:40:42,431
Spartacus never took the opportunity to
away, which he could have done on his own.
421
00:40:43,049 --> 00:40:47,064
So Spartacus was a man who a
shown to have a sense of honor,
422
00:40:47,264 --> 00:40:50,454
A sense of honor at least the same
deeply and equally sincerely
423
00:40:50,654 --> 00:40:53,545
like that of any Roman who
he was never a slave.
424
00:40:58,847 --> 00:41:02,862
Crassus pursues the survivors,
killing as many as he found
425
00:41:03,062 --> 00:41:08,490
with the exception of 6,000 that he also captures
crosses the main road to Rome.
426
00:41:11,703 --> 00:41:19,031
They were crucified and laid from about 9 to
12 meters from each other over a distance of 200 km.
427
00:41:19,490 --> 00:41:23,211
So, you can imagine
the smell and the disgusting sight
428
00:41:23,411 --> 00:41:27,003
that anyone would have had traveling that road.
429
00:41:27,790 --> 00:41:32,838
If you were Romanian, this stench
you would have smelled like dead slaves.
430
00:41:33,277 --> 00:41:38,701
You would have been glad to see these people,
albeit in their disgusting, decaying form.
431
00:41:38,902 --> 00:41:40,933
If you were a slave,
this would have been a message.
432
00:41:41,133 --> 00:41:44,637
That would be waiting for you if you have
revolt against the power of Rome.
433
00:41:50,479 --> 00:41:56,760
Crassus defeats the slave rebellion,
although some of the rebels are lucky to escape the slaughter
434
00:41:56,960 --> 00:41:59,891
until Pompey, without denying himself, has the last word..
435
00:42:02,534 --> 00:42:06,188
Pompey managed to present himself
in time to follow
436
00:42:06,388 --> 00:42:11,998
on the cca 5,000 gladiators who
they managed to escape this fight, this great fight,
437
00:42:12,198 --> 00:42:16,508
and captured or killed the rest.
438
00:42:18,862 --> 00:42:23,339
Then, according to Plutarch, Pompey
he makes sure he gets all the praise.
439
00:42:24,727 --> 00:42:29,274
�Pompey then wrote to the Senate that,
although Crassus had defeated the gladiators in combat
440
00:42:29,474 --> 00:42:32,073
The pump went out
the war to its roots. "
441
00:42:33,671 --> 00:42:35,477
Pompey's career is very interesting.
442
00:42:35,677 --> 00:42:38,618
In fact, Pompeii at one point a
was accused of being an "eagle".
443
00:42:39,150 --> 00:42:41,577
It feeds on killing
made by other people.
444
00:42:44,025 --> 00:42:47,211
The Romanians hastened to forget this rebellion
hatred of slaves.
445
00:42:47,998 --> 00:42:50,606
when it's all over
Pompey receives a triumph,
446
00:42:50,806 --> 00:42:54,366
the highest Romanian honor,
for his fight with the enemies of Spain.
447
00:42:55,399 --> 00:43:02,423
Crassus receives only a minor commendation for his efforts
against the common slaves who terrorized Italy.
448
00:43:07,396 --> 00:43:12,812
Although the end of Spartacus in 71 BC. marks the end
slave rebellion in Rome,
449
00:43:13,548 --> 00:43:17,773
slavery continues to strengthen the economy
the expanding empire
450
00:43:17,973 --> 00:43:20,949
but the Romanians understood the lesson.
451
00:43:22,605 --> 00:43:26,427
Spartacus, in the Romanian imagination, becomes
almost the equivalent of an Osama-Bin-Laden.
452
00:43:26,837 --> 00:43:28,619
He is a frightening figure who
it's there, somewhere.
453
00:43:28,819 --> 00:43:30,755
He remains a threat even then
when you can't see it.
454
00:43:30,955 --> 00:43:34,208
and you are afraid that it will always appear
another like him.
455
00:43:36,771 --> 00:43:42,635
The Romanians realized this slave revolt
that they had to keep their army in the best shape.
456
00:43:43,641 --> 00:43:45,869
This could have been the moment when the Romanians
they started to think for the first time
457
00:43:47,878 --> 00:43:50,025
�maybe we need a professional army
458
00:43:50,944 --> 00:43:55,695
to be safe at home,
as well as to protect us against foreign invaders.
459
00:43:58,103 --> 00:44:01,015
But even a strong empire cannot always defend itself.
460
00:44:02,233 --> 00:44:08,068
Long after it happened, the story of a
the only man who stands against him still resists.
461
00:44:10,362 --> 00:44:14,392
Spartacus lives on in legend
until now.
462
00:44:15,105 --> 00:44:18,318
He was a popular hero for
the people who are repressed,
463
00:44:18,518 --> 00:44:22,294
for people who are oppressed,
even up to the modern era.
464
00:44:24,805 --> 00:44:27,949
But while the Empire reigns,
this belongs to the strong.
465
00:44:30,697 --> 00:44:33,412
Next in Rome, the rise and fall of an empire,
466
00:44:34,228 --> 00:44:36,880
Pompey and Crassus and
I put the rivalry aside
467
00:44:37,080 --> 00:44:41,559
to join forces with a star
politics on the rise, Julius Caesar.
468
00:44:42,796 --> 00:44:45,990
Caesar launches a brutal war against the barbarians in Gaul.